Four patients (♂/♀: 1/3), aged 51, 52, 50 and 58 years old, who underwent general surgery procedures, suffered acute major blood loss intraoperatively. For the management of acute hemorrhage, 4ml/kg NaCl 7.5% were administered in each patient at the fastest possible rate through the existing intravenous line. Both standard monitoring and Oesophageal Doppler Monitoring (ODM) were applied and heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (BPmean), stroke volume (SV), peak velocity (PV), mean acceleration (MA) and corrected flow time (FTc) were recorded at six different phases, before blood loss (Phase 1), before and after completion of NaCl 7.5% administration (Phases 2 & 3), 10min and 20min after NaCl 7.5% administration (Phases 4 and 5) and at the end of the surgical procedure (Phase 6). Continue reading →