In general, laparoscopic procedures of the abdominal cavity necessitate endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation due to the induction of pneumoperitoneum.
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The reduction of homologous blood transfusions remains an important goal. The actual blood loss and the positive fluid balance during cardiac operations involving CPB result in a fall in the haematocrit and represent major risk factors for blood transfusions. Methods and techniques which lead to a decrease of haemodilution are important when aiming at fewer transfusions in such operations.
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