Difficulties or failure in airway management are common factors leading to death and brain damage as a direct result of anesthesia. Prediction of the difficult airway enables the anesthetists to prepare for this challenging clinical scenario. Although the ability to predict accurately a difficult airway preoperatively would be of great value, it is evident from the literature that no single airway assessment can reliably predict a difficult airway. The purpose of this paper is to define the difficult airway and to review the current literature on methods used for prediction of difficult airway.
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The tremendous impact of hypoxia on any critical organ, namely the brain and the heart, are well known, at least because of their obvious result. The question asked by many: “For how long can the patient tolerate apnoea?” cannot be answered with certainty for any given patient. The long list of possible problems that may arise during the transport of O2 from the anesthetic circuit to the very last cell of the human organism precludes any possibility of precise calculation. Hypoxia of critical tissues (the brain and the heart) has deleterious pathophysiologic effects on them.
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